Effectiveness of the Video Teaching Program on Knowledge and Practice regarding the care of Physical and Psychological needs of Preschoolers among Parents

 

Francis L.

Assistant Professor, Anand Institute of Nursing, Opp. Ghanteshwar Park, Jamnagar Road, Rajkot - 360006

*Corresponding Author Email:

 

ABSTRACT:

Healthy children are the greatest resources and pride of a nation. Children are born to be healthy and happy to become productive adults in the future. A quantitative approach was adopted for the present study. Research hypotheses were formulated to find the effectiveness of the video teaching program. Review of literature was prepared relevant to the study. The conceptual framework adopted for this study was based on General system theory by Ludwig Von Bertlanffy (1968). The research design was pre-experimental one group pre-test post test design in nature. Non-probability convenience sampling technique was used to collect 20 fathers and 20 mothers as per the inclusion criteria. The content validity of the tool was validated by obtaining suggestions from the experts. The data were collected by using a questionnaire and checklist developed by the researcher. The tool reliability was significant. The data were collected by using a questionnaire and checklist developed by the researcher. The pilot study was conducted in Pasumalai, Madurai which was found to be feasible. The main study was conducted in Thanakkankulam, Madurai. A video teaching program was administered regarding the care of physical and psychological needs of preschoolers among fathers and mothers and was evaluated. The collected data were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by using descriptive and inferential statistics2.

Among fathers, the findings of the study revealed that post test knowledge score 26.9 was higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score 13.5. The obtained ‘t’ value was 18.08 which was significant at 0.05 level. The post test practice 57.95 was higher than the mean pre-test practice score 47.3.The obtained ‘t’ value was 20.27 which was significant at 0.05 level.

Among mothers, the findings of the study revealed that post test knowledge score 27.3 was higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score 13.6. The obtained ‘t’ value was 21.23 which was significant at 0.05 level. The post test practice 58.4 was higher than the mean pre-test practice score 47.8. The obtained ‘t’ value was 8.82 which was significant at 0.05 level. After the video teaching program, the knowledge and practice of the fathers and mothers had improved. This study concluded that the video teaching program played a vital role in increasing the knowledge and practice level among fathers and mothers in the care of preschoolers. The investigator assured that, every parent who has taken part in this study will perform a greater part in promoting the care of their preschool children.

 

KEYWORDS: Effectiveness, Knowledge, Practice, Physical needs, Physiological needs, parents.

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

“Children are the heritage of the LORD; and the fruit of the womb is his reward”.

Children are the inheritance from GOD. They are like clay in a potter’s hand. So they should be handled with love and care. A child of today is the future adult citizen and the leader of the community and the country, as a whole in different spheres of national life. In fact children are valuable assets not only to the family but also to the world as a whole. By promoting their good health, we strengthen the development of the family, country, nation and the world. It is the nation's responsibility to develop human resources, so that our children become robust citizens. The truth is that many parents don’t realize that their children have some basic psychological needs that, if not met, may affect their potential to learn and achieve later in life.3

 

Affection and love in the family is quite natural and must have elements to promote the harmony and positive growth of the family. The need to love, feel loved and be accepted is essential to a child’s healthy psychological development. 

 

NEED FOR THE STUDY:

UNICEF data obtained from the 2004 census of India, through which for the first time a direct statistical estimation of prevalence of hygiene has been adopted and indicate the presence of 21.9 million unhygienic practices (2.13% of total population). Environmental sanitation and hygiene program were stated as a vertical program with the objective of promoting hygienic and environment sanitation. Establishing such a unipurpose health programs for school children are justifiable, at the end of the year 2003, 45% of the school children with unhygienic practices were in India. Nearly 0.5 million children affected by disease due to improper hygiene and poor sanitation.4

 

In the Indian society, parents play a significant role in upbringing the child. If the father and mother have the knowledge regarding the care of their preschoolers, they can educate their children regarding the physical and psychological needs of their children. Keeping this in view, the researcher justified the need to assess the knowledge and practice level of father and mother regarding the width and depth on the care of preschoolers. As an investigator, I felt that, the solutions should be framed in order to meet the care of a preschooler, and to save the children from physical and psychological problems.5,6

 

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:

·        To assess the pre-test and post test knowledge and practice on care of physical and psychological needs of preschoolers among fathers and mothers.

·        To assess the effectiveness of the video teaching program regarding knowledge and practice on care of physical and psychological needs of preschoolers among fathers and mothers.

·        To find out the relationship between the post test knowledge and practice on the care of physical and psychological needs of pre-schoolers among fathers and mothers.

·        To determine the association between the post test knowledge and practice regarding the care of physical and psychological needs of preschoolers and selected demographic variables among fathers and mothers.

 

HYPOTHESIS: 

H1: The mean post test knowledge score is significantly higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score regarding physical and psychological needs of preschoolers among fathers and mothers

H2: The mean post test practice score is significantly higher than the mean pre-test practice score regarding the care of physical and psychological needs of pre-schoolers among fathers and mothers.

H3: There is a significant relationship between the post–test knowledge and practice score on care of physical and psychological needs of pre-schoolers among fathers and mothers.

H4: There is a significant association between the post–test knowledge score on care of physical and psychological needs of pre-schoolers and selected demographic variables among fathers and mothers.

H5: There is a significant association between the post–test practice score on care of physical and psychological needs of pre-schoolers and selected demographic variables among fathers and mothers.

 

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

This chapter deals with description of the different steps undertaken by the researcher for this study.

 

Approach : Quantitative approach

Design: one group pre-test post test design

Study Setting : Fathers and mothers in Thanakkankulam village.

 

Target population :Fathers and Mothers of pre-schoolers (3-6 years)

 

Accessible population : Fathers and Mothers having children

(3-6 years) in Thanakkankulam

Sampling technique : convenience sampling technique

Fathers in Thanakkakulam village. (n=20)

Mothers in Thanakkakulam village. (n=20)

Data collection tool:

Knowledge :Interview schedule on care of physical and psychological needs of pre-schoolers. Practice :Check list on practice.

Intervention

Post test

Data analysis: descriptive and inferential statistics:

Findings and conclusion

Outcome: Adequate, Moderately adequate, Inadequate knowledge.

                    High, Average, Low practice.

FINDINGS:

The findings revealed 11(55%) of the fathers were in the age group 21 - 30 years, 9(45%) of them were in 31- 40 years, 16(80%) of the mothers were in the age group 21 - 30 years and 4(20%) were in the age group 31 - 40 years.

With regard to Education, though 1(5%) father had no formal education (illetrate), 3(15%) had primary school education, 13(65%) had a high school education and 3(15%) had a higher secondary education. Among mothers, 2(10%) had primary school education, 18(90%) had a high school education and none of them were illiterate. Based on the number of children, 20 (100%) of fathers and mothers had two children. When considering the family type, 14(70%) belong to nuclear family while 6(30%) belong to joint family among fathers and mothers.

 

With regard to pre-test knowledge and practice of fathers and mothers regarding care of preschoolers were 100% inadequate knowledge and had 100% average practice.

 

With regard to effectiveness of the video teaching program, the knowledge of fathers regarding care of preschoolers increased from 13.5 to 26.9. The difference between pre-test and post test knowledge level was high and its statistical significance (p< 0.05) calculated using ‘t’- testwas 18.08. The knowledge of mothers  regarding care of preschoolers increased from 13.6 to 27.3. The difference between pre-test and post test knowledge level was high and its statistical significance (p< 0.05) calculated using ‘t’- test was 21.23. The practice of fathers regarding care of preschoolers increased from 47.3 to 57.95. The difference between pre-test and post test practice level was high and its statistical significance (p< 0.05) calculated using ‘t’- test was 20.27. The practice of mothers regarding care of preschoolers increased from 47.8 to 58.4. The difference between pre-test and post test practice level was high and its statistical significance (p< 0.05) calculated using ‘t’- test was 8.82.

 

With regard to the relationship between post test knowledge and practice, there was a positive correlation among father (r=0.44 p<0.05) and mother (r=0.08, p<0.05).

 

With regard to association between the post test level of knowledge and practice with demographic variables, there was no association between the knowledge and practice on care of physical and psychological needs of preschoolers.

 

CONCLUSION:

Education plays fundamental role in bringing changes in knowledge and practice of fathers and mothers. The video teaching program was found to be very effective in increasing knowledge and changing the practice of fathers and mothers regarding care of preschoolers. The investigator observed that, the ‘t’ value of father and mother post test knowledge was 0.43 and the post test practice of fathers and mothes were ‘t’ = 0.22 so there was no significance difference between post test knowledge and practice among fathers and mothers. The ‘r’ value of father was 0.44 and the mother was 0.08 which was positively correlated. The video teaching program has increased their knowledge and practice regarding physical and psychological needs of pre-schoolers among fathers and mothers.

 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:

This study serves as a fruit of assistance from several personalities. This success was possible due to the collective efforts of so many eminent personalities to whom I express my gratitude. A word of appreciation and gratitude to the parents for readily and willingly in sharing their time with me, this study wouldn’t have been possible without their cooperation.

 

REFERENCES:

1.       AARCNS (1998) Child to child,14th Edition, London. Macmillan Company. Pp 342-349.

2.       Abraham B. (2001) Text Book of Pediatrics Nursing. Singapore; MC Graw Hill International Company,Pp46,93.

3.       AG Harikiran et.al.,(2008)Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry,Pp236-242.

4.       Annama Jacob (2007)  Clinical Nursing Procedures: The Art of Nursing Practice, 1st Edition. Jaypee Brothers, Pp 29.

5.       Anlene H. (1998) What Is Expecting The Children Year. The journal of Pediatric Nursing 11(5) Pp 34, 43.

6.       Apovi (1995) An Introduction to Community Health Nursing. Chennai, B.I. Publication, Pp32.

7.       Arnold E.H. and O’Leary S.G. (1997) Mothers’ and fathers’ Discipline of Hard-to- Manage Toddlers, Child and Family Behavior Therapy, American Journal of Nursing 103, Pp 12.

8.       Backett K.C. (1982) Mothers and fathers: “The development and negotiation of  parental behavior”. Nursing Journal (10) Pp 12.

9.       Bandura A. (1977) Social learning theory. Canadian Journal of Discipline (103), Pp 12.

10.     Barbara (1999) Pediatric Nursing, 7th Edition. London. Bailliere Tin dell Publishers,Pp548-562.

11.     Barbara Hazard Munro (2005) Statistical Methods for Health Care Research. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Company, Pp 95.

12.     Basavanthappa B. (2007)Nursing Research.2nd Edition. New Delhi, Jaypee Brothers, Pp 464-450.

13.     Bathing, WIKIPEDIA, the free Encyclopedia.

14.     Baumrind, D. (1966). “Effects of authoritative parental control on child behavior”, Child  Development, International Journal of Discipline,Pp 88.

15.     Baumrind, D. (1996). “The discipline controversy revisited” International Journal of Discipline,Pp 40-42.

16.     Child, WIKIPEDIA, the free Encyclopedia.

17.     Current Research Journal of Social Sciences  (2011)  Pp 293-300.

18.     Denise F. Polit (2004) Nursing Research Principles and Methods, Philadelphia, 7th Edition, Lippincott, Pp 65-70.

19.     Discipline, WIKIPEDIA, the free Encyclopedia.

20.     Fair J. (2007) Understanding and Applying Nursing Research,3rd Edition. Philadelphia F.A. Davis Company Pp233-252.

21.     Gray. S. Wimbish, “Personal Hygiene And Good Health”, Child’s World Publishers.

22.     http://www.eatright.com/healthy/child/

23.     http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/3046

24.     http://eseadonkie.articlealley.com/physical-needs-of-a-child-681988.html

25.     http://www.indian pediatrics editorial.com/

26.     http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1344174

27.     Hungler P. (1995) Nursing research Principles and Methods,5thEdition. Philadelphia, J.B. Lippincott Company,Pp69-77.

28.     indg.gov.in/health/hygiene/personal-hygiene-1

29.     Indian Journal of Public Health. New Delhi, 1990.

30.     Journal of Dental Education (2006) American Dental Education Association.

31.     Kang BH.et.al., (2008) Effect of tooth brushing education program in oral health of preschool children, J. Korean Academy Nursing Pp 75. 

32.     Kelly (1995) The Portable Pediatrician for parents New York Harper Willies Publishers, Pp 42,73.

33.     Kothari C.R.(1990) Research Methodology, Methods and Techniques, New Delhi. Wishwa Prakasam Publications,Pp25-35.

34.     Kyle T.(2008) Essentials of pediatric nursing. Philadelphia. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Publications,Pp145.

35.     Llewellyn, Claire, ‘Hygiene and Health’ QEB Publishers. Pp 46, 50.

36.     Marsiglio W. (1995). Fatherhood: Contemporary Theory, Research and Social Policy. Research on Men and Masculinities, Vol. 7. Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications, Pp 72.

37.     Mahajan V.K. (1995)Text Book of Preventive and Social Medicine, 2nd Edition, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers,Pp345-348.

38.     Neeraja K.P. Text Book of Nursing Education, 1st Edition, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers,Pp294-295.

39.     Niger Postgrad Medical Journal (2002) Medline (9) Pp 27,35.

40.     Parenting, Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia.

41.     Park K.(2005) Text Book of Preventive and Social Medicine,18th Edition, M/S Bannarasidas Bhanot Publishers, Jablapur, Pp 196.

42.     Richard and Sunder Rao, J. (2008). Introduction to Bio-Statistics and Research Methods, 4th Edition, New Delhi,Pp66-101.

43.     Sharma K.S. (2011)Nursing Research and Statistics. New Delhi. Elsevier, Pp 50-60, 145.

44.     Tabner, (1997)Pediatric Nursing, Bangalore. Gajanana Book Publishers pp 104,314.

45.     Terri Kyle (2008)Essential of Pediatric Nursing, 1st Edition, Wolkers Kluwer Publishers. New Delhi,Pp134.

46.     The Internet Journal of Nutrition and Wellness, ISSN-1937-8297.

47.     Toileting, Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia.

48.     Waterston T. “Giving guidance on child discipline” (2000) BMJ. Pp261–262.

49.     Wong’s (2005) Essentials of Pediatric Nursing,7th Edition, Philadelphia. Mosby Company, Pp405-415.

50.     www.currentnursing.com.

 

 

 

 

Received on 14.03.2016                Modified on 16.05.2016

Accepted on 15.06.2016                © A&V Publications all right reserved

Asian J. Nur. Edu. and Research.2017; 7(1): 73-76.

DOI: 10.5958/2349-2996.2017.00015.5